Can the WiMAX IEEE 802.16 Standard Be Used to Resolve Last-Mile Connectivity Issues in Botswana?

Some of the advantages using Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology at last-mile level as an access include extensive range 50 km Line Sight (LOS), 5 to 15 Non-Line Sight, and fewer infrastructure installations compared other wireless broadband technologies. Despite positive investments in ICT fiber by developing countries, including Botswana, servicing end-users is subjected high prices service disparities. The alternative, Wi-Fi hotspot initiative Botswana government, falls short a solution for connectivity access. This study used OPNET simulation Modeler 14.5 investigate whether Botswana’s national project could adopt WiMAX IEEE 802.16e technology. Therefore, experimental method, evaluated 802.16e/m over three subscriber locations Botswana. results obtained indicate that deployment standard can solve most issues level. Although findings suggest more suitable high-density areas, it also rural areas’ development challenges provide required high-speed However, unlike initiative, which requires relies less on institutional regulatory frameworks, necessitates standards.